Urine sediment analysis can detect which of the following?

• A. Glucosuria
• B. Muscle enzymes
• C. Crystals, cells, casts, bacteria, and yeast
• D. Serum proteins

Answer: (C)

Urine sediment analysis examines the solid material that settles from urine after centrifugation. This includes crystals, cells shed from the urinary tract, casts formed from protein matrices with embedded elements, and microbes such as bacteria and yeasts. These components reveal conditions like stone formation (crystals), infection or inflammation (bacteria and white or red blood cells), or tubular health (casts). Glucosuria is detected with chemical testing of the urine for glucose, not by examining the sediment. Muscle enzymes are measured in blood tests (and any relevant urinary excretion would be a separate consideration, not a routine sediment finding). Serum proteins are assessed in serum; detecting protein in urine is a separate test for proteinuria, not the sediment examination.